What type of materials are commonly evaluated during a Phase I ESA?

The correct choice focuses on the assessment of environmental hazards, which is a key component of a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA). Phase I ESA is designed to identify potential environmental contamination on a property by reviewing various sources of information. This includes evaluating the site for hazardous substances, such as lead, asbestos, and chemicals that may pose risks to human health and the environment.

In this process, professionals look into historical land use, previous ownership, and current conditions to ascertain any existing or potential environmental liabilities. By identifying these environmental hazards early on, it helps stakeholders make informed decisions regarding property acquisition, development, and remediation needs.

Other options mention aspects that are not exclusive or primary focuses of a Phase I ESA, such as just the physical structure of buildings or solely historical land use records, which do not comprehensively address the environmental safety concerns the assessment aims to evaluate. Similarly, new construction techniques are not relevant to the core objectives of the Phase I ESA, which is primarily concerned with identifying potential contamination rather than construction methods.