What role does GIS (Geographic Information System) play in ESAs?

Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is essential in Environmental Site Assessments (ESAs) because it allows for the visual representation and spatial analysis of environmental data. By mapping contamination sites, GIS helps professionals identify and assess the extent of environmental issues more effectively. This spatial analysis facilitates better decision-making regarding site investigations, remediation efforts, and compliance with environmental regulations. GIS integrates various data layers—such as land use, geology, hydrology, and historical land use—providing a comprehensive view of how these factors interact with contamination risks.

In the context of ESAs, the ability to visualize spatial relationships and patterns is critical for identifying potential sources of contamination, predicting future risks, and developing strategies for risk mitigation. Therefore, this option highlights the core function of GIS as a powerful tool for environmental analysis in site assessments.