During which phase of an ESA is soil testing commonly performed?

Soil testing is most commonly performed during Phase II of an Environmental Site Assessment (ESA). This phase is essential because it involves a more detailed investigation into the presence and concentrations of potential contaminants identified in Phase I.

Phase I typically consists of a review of historical records, site inspections, and interviews to assess potential environmental concerns without intrusive testing. However, if there are indications of contamination from this initial phase, Phase II is designed to confirm these findings through direct sampling and analysis. Soil testing within this phase allows for the evaluation of soil quality and potential risks associated with contamination, providing necessary data for further action or remediation planning.

In contrast, the Preliminary Phase generally involves initial screening and discussions before any formal assessments are made, while Phase III focuses on cleanup and remediation strategies after contamination has been confirmed. Therefore, understanding the specific role of Phase II in the broader context of ESAs is crucial for effective environmental investigations.